New
Age Music Made SimpleDuring
the 1970's a new international musical movement began to emerge. Always unfocused
and multi-directional, it had never had a clear identity. In 1986 it reached critical
mass commercially, and the record industry settled on a name — New Age music. In
the early days, when New Age was just one of many references that were floating
around to describe the nascent genre, listeners, reviewers, and even the musicians
creating it were unclear about the meaning of the term, since a wide variety of
contemporary, experimental, and traditional styles were swept together under the
New Age umbrella. As a description
of grass roots spiritual movements the term "New Age" has been around at least
since the neo-spiritualist movements of the late 19th century. It is here that
the genre found its original audience and probably its dubious reputation for
intellectual rigor. The idea
that society is about to enter a New Age is a provocative vision that has energized
the hearts and minds of progressive people for many generations. Aided by the
astrological popularizers, we remember how quickly society accepted the idea of
the "Age of Aquarius" in the Sixties. How and why music serves as an expression
of this vision is the question here, but the connection is not all that obvious.
To understand the role that this music plays in our culture, we really need to
know something about the underlying psychological forces acting on both the musicians
and the audience. In his 1981
book Through Music to the Self (Vega Books; ISBN: 1843332086; June 2002)
German composer Peter Michael Hamel wrote of "a new auditory consciousness, capable
of being applied to all today's varieties of music -- whether Classical, Pop,
Jazz, Avant-Garde..." Because the contemporary listener now has the entire panorama
of the world's music available through recordings, the application of this new
consciousness to the music coming down through the ages has reconnected us with
certain psychic and emotional experiences which have not been dated by the passage
of time, but remain relevant. The extraordinary popularity of pieces like the
Pachelbel "Canon in D" is perhaps the best example of this, although entire musical
genres such as the Gregorian chants of medieval Europe, as well as traditional
Japanese classical music, Balinese gamelan, and other types of what is now called
World Music have come to the surface and enjoy renewed attention, especially among
New Age listeners. Certainly
a new auditory consciousness would be expected to create new musical forms. Although
the deepest roots of New Age music are planted in some of the very oldest forms
of music, there are several aspects which deserve to be called new. In the categories
which follow, I've attempted to create a perspective for understanding both the
basic motivation and the psychological characteristics of most of the music which
is being called New Age. The descriptions are in terms of the sound imagery, the
content, and the overall experience of the music. I
acknowledge both the distaste for categories among many listeners as well as the
inherent problems of categorizing music. Categories that are broad enough to include
an entire era or dimension of musical style or meaning are often of little descriptive
value; on the other hand, those which are too specific give no insight into the
overall musical direction of which the particular piece is an example. The situation
is further confused by the fact that categories may be organized by historical
epochs (Baroque), by musical form (symphonic), by the means of production (electronic),
etc. Also consider that the categories
below describe the pure form of each type of music. Many, perhaps a majority,
of individual works will fall somewhere between two categories or share the characteristics
of several. Still, in many years of living with this framework and testing it
against new material being released, I have found very few exceptions. Space
And Travel Music: Celestial, Cosmic, & TerrestrialThis
New Age sub-category has the effect of outward psychological expansion. Celestial
or cosmic music removes listeners from their ordinary acoustical surroundings
by creating stereo sound images of vast, virtually dimensionless spatial environments.
In a word — spacey. Rhythmic
or tonal movements animate the experience of flying, floating, cruising, gliding,
or hovering within the auditory space. Terrestrial spacemusic employs natural
outdoor ambiences — sounds of water, birds, insects, thunder, etc. In either case,
the major effect of this music is to take the listener out of their body or at
least out of their normal sound environment. In a related hardware development,
the Walkman personal stereo phenomenon created a visible class of "audio-isolated"
individuals who express their criticism of the environment by effectively removing
themselves from it sonically, and to some degree, psychologically. Innerspace,
Meditative, and TranscendentalThis
music promotes a psychological movement inward. It has been precisely described
by Peter Michael Hamel as "a contemplative music...which is itself capable of
being a vehicle, energy-form and magic force for spiritual self absorption, which
works by virtue of its own inner laws, as soon as the listener learns how to open
himself totally to it. It carries him away — to himself." Transcendental
innerspace music attempts to convey the listener inward and upward to higher planes
of consciousness, and is often spoken of as "uplifting." Continuous drones or
slowly changing, endlessly repeated rhythmic structures (also popular in so-called
Minimalist music, although the composers only talk about the technical characteristics
of their work) as well as overall ascending or descending tonal movements are
common characteristics of this subcategory. Cross-Cultural
FusionsCross-cultural
fusions have been happening for centuries through the medium of travel, as musicians
have moved around the planet. However, 20th century radio and recording technologies
stimulated an exponential acceleration of the process. The New Age music audience
has been especially receptive to this trend, welcoming the opportunity to extend
their psychological experience beyond western cultural paradigms and immerse themselves
in the musical ideas and emotions of other worlds. Modified or derived forms are
usually more popular than the ethnic originals, but this is not exclusive to the
New Age field. From pop to classical, cross-cultural influences are an important
aspect of virtually all areas of progressive contemporary music. New
Age Religious And GospelThough
not as commercially successful as New Age instrumental music, this category includes
any vocal music regardless of style, whose lyrics contain messages about
spiritual beliefs or belief systems. The impulse to share or broadcast one's belief
system to others — be it religious, spiritual, or philosophical — appears to be
very deeply ingrained in human nature, and New Age gospel in its purest form conveys
the belief that we are entering a new era for humanity. This is an extension of
the ancient use of music as a medium for the communication of important cultural
myths. At its best, such music can create a context for dramatic internal experiences
as the ideas expressed by the lyrics are amplified by the emotional power of the
music. Religious and gospel music of all kinds, as well as New Age vocal music,
continue this tradition, stimulating the full gamut of emotional intensities from
lightly sentimental through cathartic to overwhelming. The
Big PictureListeners
with an analytical bent will naturally ask why should there be a contemporary
resurgence of music directed toward relaxation, psychological expansion, inner
experience, and statements about metaphysical and religious beliefs? Granting
that questions like these cannot be given definitive answers, the following observations
may be helpful. Stress:
The constantly accelerating pace of urban life since the 1940's, driven by technological
advances in communications and accompanied by increasing levels of daytime noise
"pollution" and other distractions with an irritating effect on our sensibilities,
have increased the need for a soothing, masking, slow-paced sonic reference. Of
course, "Easy Listening" and "Beautiful Music" FM stations as well as the infamous
Muzak did just this for years and succeeded in captivating large audiences in
the over 60 age group. Amazingly, as late as the 1970's, so-called Beautiful Music
was the most successful syndicated radio format, and there were more stations
broadcasting such music in the U.S. than rock or pop. But
the programming of such stations and background services is based mainly on "sweetened"
instrumental reworkings of popular songs. This approach, which apparently satisfies
many older people in their search for a comforting, undemanding nostalgia, is
generally alienating to the middle age audience, who prefer the more intense and
artistically significant original versions (thus the "Golden Oldies" radio formats
of the early 1980's) and is incomprehensible to the young, who have no tie to
the original songs and whose biosystems have not yet succumbed to the effects
of self-administered overstimulation. With
pop and rock presumably serving the needs of most of the 13 to 28 year old audience,
a gap existed in music programming for the more sensitive members of the 28 to
50 year age group which was not being addressed by any of the existing radio music
formats. It is this age group in which stress-related diseases are most pervasive
and problematic. More or less by default, a portion of the jazz and classical
repertoire was called into service for these listeners, but what was really needed
was a contemporary music which is physically relaxing, yet not emotionally
trivial or devoid of significant cultural meaning. This is the need that the quieter
forms of New Age music are attempting to fill. That it should have existed in
commercial broadcasting is remarkable, since this is the demographic bracket which
is most desirable to advertisers, but even in the 90's radio exposure for this
music was almost exclusively on non-commercial stations. Personal
Development: Many aspects of today's culture have played
a role in supporting the use of music to influence awareness. Drugs, meditation
practices, psychological approaches to inner work, and new religions have all
contributed to the process. Individual taste in music is inherently related to,
and may play a part in, psychological growth. When
used for this purpose music acts as a nonverbal language for conveying the experience
of a virtually unlimited range of psychic and emotional states. Conscious involvement
with challenging musical or sonic experiences can be a powerful method for accelerating
personal development. Although the lowest quality New Age music has deservedly
been criticized as "yuppie muzak", the best of the genre invites substantial commitment
and concentration from the listener, falling into the realms normally associated
with serious listening. But as
Peter Michael Hamel points out, it is really not the same kind of listening that
one applies to classical, jazz, ethnic, or other established types of music. The
attention is both personal and "holistic" — an awareness of individual emotional
response as well as the quality of the enveloping ambience being created. This
music is experienced primarily as a continuum of spatial imagery and emotion,
rather than as thematic musical relationships, compositional ideas, or
performance values. Perhaps the
current cross-cultural and trans-temporal melange of musical directions is one
emerging form of the global language whose arrival has long been predicted by
cultural visionaries. Composer Jon Hassell calls it "Fourth World Music: classical
by structure, popular by textural appeal, global minded." |
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.
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